Solar panel | Solar array are instruments that convert sunlight to electricity using PV cells. They serve as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a system that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, generally used for water heating or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, space warming, or electricity generation. It is a sustainable and renewable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the UK known for its wealthy cultural legacy, notable attractions, and bustling urban areas like the capital. It boasts a diverse terrain of gentle slopes, historic forts, and busy metropolitan areas that blend tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the organic light emitted by the sun, vital for living organisms on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a form of power due to the flow of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers numerous appliances and systems, facilitating modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, power sources, and solar cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that stores chemical energy and changes it into electrical energy to operate various digital equipment. It includes multiple electrochemical cells, each housing positive and negative electrodes separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for household use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in optimizing energy use and ensuring safe, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses polarity periodically, generally used in residential and business power supplies. It enables efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It ensures optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to measure the extent, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, climate gauges, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are huge facilities that capture sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a renewable and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then sent wirelessly to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems retain excess energy generated from renewable sources or the power grid for future use, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These installations commonly employ batteries to deliver backup power, lower energy costs, and aid grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells documents the development and innovations in solar energy tech from the early finding of the solar effect to current high-performance photovoltaic modules. It highlights significant milestones, including the development of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing advances that have substantially enhanced power conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and glow. His experiments laid the foundation for grasping how light interacts with certain substances to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and scientist known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and advancements in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States inventor who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous R&D entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and 14, well known for its crucial role in the manufacturing of electronics and solar cells. It is a tough, breakable solid material with a blue-grey metallic luster, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little component installed on each solar panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This technology enhances system efficiency, enables improved performance monitoring, and boosts power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar cell is a device that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in solar arrays to supply a renewable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon is a elementary particle representing a packet of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It plays a key role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances turn sunlight straight into electricity through the production of charge carriers. This phenomenon is the fundamental concept behind photovoltaic technology, allowing the capturing of solar energy for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a slim slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the base for creating integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic components due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as users, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are important considerations in structural design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification represents the speed at which electricity flows by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. It is generated through diverse origins such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and green energy, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a standard of power in the International System of Units, representing the speed of energy transfer or transformation. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic voltage difference between two points, which drives the movement of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in V and represents the power per single charge ready to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the base unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the metric system. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the movement of electric charge through a metal wire, typically measured in A. It is crucial for energizing electronic equipment and enabling the functioning of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere represents the measure of electrical current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electrical charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and capacity of power systems to guarantee secure and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a convenient and uniform method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for recharging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) from inputs like cells or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It enables the application of regular electrical equipment in environments where only direct current electricity is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as an collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically regulate the position of solar modules to track the sun movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the performance of solar power gathering by ensuring ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the power output of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the performance point to match the maximum power point of the solar cells. This procedure guarantees the best performance energy harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually tailored improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that monitors and examines the performance of solar power systems in live, delivering valuable data on energy production and system status. It assists enhance solar energy output by spotting problems promptly and ensuring optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to generate electricity for homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless minute silicon crystals, frequently used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to generate a high-purity, polycrystalline form appropriate for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a uniform lattice arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic components. Its homogeneous framework allows for improved electron flow, resulting in higher efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a type of thin-film solar system that offers a affordable and efficient alternative for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are known as their high absorption performance and relatively affordable manufacturing fees versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate photovoltaic devices that utilize a layered compound of copper, indium, Ga, and Se to turn sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their great light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and potential for portable, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous atomic arrangement, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic components due to its economic advantage and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are advanced photovoltaic modules that use multiple p-n connections arranged in tandem to capture a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. They are primarily employed in space satellites and high-performance solar power systems due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that transform solar radiation into electric power to supply onboard systems. Usually lightweight, long-lasting, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and efficiency in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize lenses or reflectors to direct sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-layer solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This approach is perfect for large-scale solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, providing a economical approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for high efficiency and bendability. They offer a portable, cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film describes a slender layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological applications. These films are important in electronic systems, light manipulation, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a renewable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a layer of compound ranging from a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in depth, often placed on surfaces for purposeful functions. These films are used in multiple sectors, including electronics industry, optical technologies, and medicine, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are accurate measuring instruments used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or depths, typically in machining and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw mechanism that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a narrow, ring-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the foundation for fabricating semiconductor devices. It acts as the core material in the fabrication of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are thin-film solar modules recognized for their excellent performance and adaptability, ideal for various uses. They use a stratified semiconductor structure that turns sunlight immediately into electricity with remarkable effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is noted for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert solar energy directly into power using PV cells, offering a renewable energy source for residential, commercial, and large-scale applications. They provide a eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that turns sunlight into electrical energy using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and adaptable alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that utilize carbon-based compounds, to transform solar radiation into electrical power. They are compact, flexible, and offer the potential for lower-cost, broad solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a promising photovoltaic substance used in thin-film solar panels due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its excellent photo-electronic properties make it an attractive substitute for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roof surfaces, building exteriors, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It improves privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations overview various large-scale solar energy plants around the world, demonstrating their output and locations. These plants serve a important role in sustainable energy production and international efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive systems that convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, air currents, and hydropower. It offers a sustainable solution to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing environmental impact and promoting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and methane, are non-replenishable supplies formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the main energy sources for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose ecological and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electrical energy. This process generally happens in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, harmful elements such as lead, Hg, cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how well a solar panel converts sunlight into usable energy. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for optimizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of photovoltaics has quickened rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This expansion is transforming the global energy landscape by raising the portion of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a transparent device that bending light to converge or spread out rays, forming images. It is commonly used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It improves the clarity and luminosity of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes cancel each other out, causing a decrease or total eradication of the resultant wave. This occurrence usually happens when these waves are phase-shifted by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes polarity, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern as time progresses, enabling effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a miniature component used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into AC suitable for domestic use. It boosts system performance by optimizing power output at the panel level and streamlines installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or alternating current power, is electrical power delivered through a system where the voltage and current cyclically reverse orientation, enabling cost-effective transmission over vast spans. It is commonly used in homes and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical coupling used to supply DC power from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a round plug and socket that ensure a reliable and dependable connection for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide safety validation agency that assesses and approves products to ensure they meet certain safety requirements. It supports consumers and companies identify dependable and protected products through thorough review and analysis methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this arrangement, the constant electric current passes through all parts, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a electronic device that permits current to flow in a single direction only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, intended to supply electrical energy for multiple devices and attachments inside a car. It permits users to recharge electronic electronics or run small devices during on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripheral devices to PCs, facilitating data transfer and electric power. It supports a variety of peripherals such as input devices, mouses, external drives, and smartphones, with various revisions offering faster speeds and improved performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on innovations in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, ranging from wireless signals to high-energy photons, each with varied lengths and power. This band is crucial to numerous technological applications and natural events, allowing data exchange, medical imaging, and insight into the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the sun. It has a key role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on shades of a individual hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This composition approach emphasizes minimalism and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per sq meter. It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to measure the strength of energy or power received or emitted over a specific surface, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in grasping the distribution and transfer of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of various hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to illustrate the spread of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large body of atmosphere with fairly uniform thermal and dampness properties, deriving from from specific starting areas. These airmass influence weather systems and atmospheric conditions as they travel over different areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the energy per unit area received from the Sun in the manner of light. It varies with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, impacting weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dirt, and foreign matter on the surface of solar panels, which diminishes their output. Routine maintenance and maintenance are necessary to minimize energy waste and guarantee best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when no current is flowing, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, happens, bypassing the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the maximum power generation of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It shows the panel's peak capacity to produce electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to determine the electrical potential between two points in a electrical system. It is commonly used in numerous electrical and electronic setups to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in photovoltaic modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic element necessary for plant growth and used in multiple industrial applications, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has special chemical properties that render it useful in producing durable, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It provides an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of utilizing land for both solar power production and farming, making the most of space and resources. This method boosts crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight using both surfaces, improving overall energy generation. They are commonly positioned in a way that allows for increased efficiency by leveraging albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides cover while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of several photovoltaic modules designed to create electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to deliver renewable, sustainable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a structure that delivers shade and protection from the conditions for outdoor living spaces. It boosts the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a cozy space for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of bodies in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line between an observer to a target object. It is often used in routing, mapping, and celestial observation to indicate the orientation of an object relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor substance extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates superb optical features, making it a popular choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in promoting solar energy implementation and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of energy output equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to assess large-scale power generation production and utilization. It is typically associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and major power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a international leader in solar PV power solutions, focused on producing thin film solar panels that provide high-performance and affordable energy production. The firm is focused on sustainable renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly linking various components of industrial and automated systems to enhance productivity and reliability. It focuses on building cutting-edge solutions that enable seamless communication and compatibility among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent Chinese-based firm expert in the manufacturing and development of solar photovoltaic items and systems. Renowned for state-of-the-art tech and eco-friendly energy programs within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion watts, often used to indicate the potential of large-scale power production or usage. It emphasizes the vast energy magnitude involved in contemporary power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost drops as overall production increases, due to learning and improvements obtained over time. This phenomenon highlights the significance of accumulated experience in cutting expenses and boosting output in manufacturing and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This system is a clean, renewable energy source that helps cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the price of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity indicates that sustainable energy technologies are financially comparable with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to residences and companies through a network of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is harnessed from the sun's rays using PV panels to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to produce heat. It represents a sustainable, renewable, and environmentally friendly source of power that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, commercial, and industrial environments to generate clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy goods features a range of tools that utilize sunlight to produce energy, promoting green and eco-conscious living. These products include ranging from solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, offering versatile options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a installation that generates sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use lenses and reflectors focusing solar radiation on advanced solar cells, greatly increasing power output using less space. This method is highly suitable in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides an innovative way to lowering expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |