| Solar panel | Solar array act as instruments that convert sunlight into electricity using PV cells. These are an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to convert heat, usually used for water heating or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or electricity production. It is a renewable and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural legacy, famous sights, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a mixed scenery of undulating terrain, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that blend history with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the natural radiance emitted by the star, vital for living organisms on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a form of power due to the flow of charged particles, primarily electrons. It fuels innumerable systems and infrastructures, facilitating modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | DC is the unidirectional movement of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a consistent voltage or current, rendering it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy to power various electronic gadgets. It includes multiple galvanic cells, each comprising electrode pairs interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an green power option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a device that changes direct current (DC) created by solar panels into AC fit for home use and utility connection. It is vital for enhancing energy performance and ensuring safe, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes direction cyclically, generally used in domestic and business power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It ensures optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to determine the size, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, thermometers, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement during the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale facilities that harness sunlight to generate electricity using many solar panels. They supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decreasing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic cells on building roofs to create electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied solar energy setup converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess energy generated from renewable sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations commonly employ batteries to deliver backup energy, cut down energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of photovoltaic cells chronicles the advancement and improvements in solar energy tech from the beginning invention of the photovoltaic effect to modern advanced solar panels. It showcases major milestones, including the development of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have significantly improved power conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic physicist noted for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His experiments laid the basis for grasping how radiation interacts with particular substances to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an American inventor who created the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the basis for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous research and development entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials science. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its essential role in the production of electronics and solar panels. It is a hard, brittle solid material with a blue-grey metallic luster, predominantly employed as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little component installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This technology increases system performance, facilitates better performance oversight, and increases energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a component that converts sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in solar arrays to supply a sustainable and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon acts as a fundamental particle that represents a packet of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the mechanism by which specific substances turn sunlight straight into electricity through the production of charge carriers. This effect is the basic principle behind solar panel systems, enabling the utilization of solar energy for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a slim slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its structured, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as users, furniture, and environmental factors. Both are essential considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components in a line, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy is the speed at which electricity is transferred by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and green energy, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A measure of power is a unit of energy conversion in the International System of Units, representing the speed of energy flow or conversion. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the energy per single charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and voltage in the metric system. It measures the potential energy per charge unit between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electrical charge through a conductor wire, usually measured in A. It is crucial for energizing electronic devices and enabling the operation of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere is the unit of electric flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It quantifies the flow of electric charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the amount of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the layout and power of power systems to guarantee reliable and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to protect wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a easy and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for powering and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power converter is a unit that transforms DC from sources like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the operation of regular electrical equipment in locations where only direct current electricity is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack functions as an collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically regulate the orientation of photovoltaic panels to track the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, optimizing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by keeping best panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the power output of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the operating point to correspond to the peak power point of the solar panels. This procedure ensures the highest efficiency energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that observes and evaluates the effectiveness of solar panel systems in instantaneous, offering valuable data on energy generation and system health. It assists optimize solar power output by identifying problems ahead of time and securing maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in photovoltaic modules to generate electricity for homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous small silicon crystal structures, commonly used in photovoltaic panels and microchip production. Its manufacturing process involves melting and reforming silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a uniform lattice framework, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronic components. Its homogeneous framework allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in superior efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a category of film solar system that offers a cost-effective and effective solution for massive solar energy generation. They are known as their high absorption efficiency and relatively reduced manufacturing costs compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate photovoltaic cells that utilize a composite material of copper, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into power effectively. They are recognized for their high absorption effectiveness, bendability, and capability for portable, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a disordered molecular configuration, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its affordability and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic panels aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that use various p-n junctions stacked together to capture a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. These are primarily used in space satellites and advanced solar power installations due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that convert sunlight into electrical energy to power onboard systems. They are typically lightweight, durable, and built for efficient operation in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use lenses or reflectors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This technique is perfect for massive solar power plants in areas with sunny sunlight, offering a cost-effective approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the solar semiconductor, known for high efficiency and bendability. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a slender layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in diverse technological uses. These films are essential in electronics, optics, and coverings for their distinctive physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a renewable and economical energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of substance ranging from fractions of a nanometer to a few microns in dimension, often coated on surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in multiple sectors, including electronics industry, optics, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to illustrate extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision devices used to accurately measure tiny gaps or depths, commonly in mechanical engineering and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a slender, round section of silicon crystal used as the platform for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the core material in the manufacture of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film solar modules famous for their superior output and flexibility, making them suitable for diverse applications. They utilize a layered semiconductor architecture that converts sunlight immediately into power with remarkable efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into electricity using solar panels, offering a sustainable energy source for home, commercial, and large-scale applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and affordable way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that turns sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a affordable and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for clear and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that employ carbon-based compounds, to convert solar radiation into electrical power. They are compact, pliable, and provide more affordable, large-area solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous photovoltaic substance used in thin-film solar modules due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an attractive option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of architectural elements, such as rooftops, facades, and glazing. This cutting-edge approach enhances power savings while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with little distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a thin film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures panes to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of solar power stations overview various extensive solar energy plants around the planet, highlighting their power and locations. These stations play a important role in sustainable energy production and global efforts to reduce carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale installations that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of challenges such as waste, climatic shifts, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly solution to traditional fuels, reducing environmental impact and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as lignite, petroleum, and methane, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the chief power sources for electrical energy and transportation but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and green energy into electrical power. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, poisonous elements such as plumbum, Hg, metallic cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how well a solar cell transforms sunlight into usable power. Improving this efficiency is key for increasing renewable energy generation and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves exposing products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of photovoltaics has accelerated rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This growth is changing the global energy landscape by boosting the percentage of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a business scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover extensive areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through device that bending light to bring together or separate rays, creating images. It is commonly used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to vision surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It enhances the sharpness and brightness of lenses by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in such a way that their wave heights negate each other, causing a decrease or total eradication of the combined wave. This event usually happens when the waveforms are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, commonly employed in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates following a sine wave throughout its cycle, enabling cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A compact inverter is a small component used to transform DC from a individual solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It improves system efficiency by enhancing energy production at the module level and streamlines setup and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a system where the potential difference and current cyclically reverse direction, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is commonly used in homes and commercial sectors to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to provide direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an device. It typically consists of a round plug and jack that provide a reliable and consistent attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global security approval organization that tests and endorses products to confirm they meet certain safety norms. It helps consumers and companies recognize reliable and protected products through strict assessment and analysis methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this configuration, the constant electric current passes through all parts, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This arrangement allows units to operate separately, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode serves as a electronic device that permits current to pass in a single direction exclusively, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12 volt, designed to supply electrical power for various devices and accessories inside a vehicle. It enables users to charge electronic devices or use small electronics during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral peripherals to PCs, allowing data transfer and power delivery. It accommodates a broad spectrum of devices such as keyboards, mice, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with different revisions offering faster speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy production and making solar power affordable and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing innovations in solar power, wind, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, ranging from wireless signals to gamma radiation, all possessing different lengths and energy levels. This range is fundamental to a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, allowing communication, diagnostic imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the sun. It has a key role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on variations of a individual hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and sophistication by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts/m². It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to quantify the strength of radiation or power received or emitted over a specific area, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the distribution and conveyance of energy across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to describe the distribution of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a substantial volume of atmosphere with relatively consistent temp and dampness characteristics, coming from from specific source regions. These airmass impact climate trends and air conditions as they pass through different zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the power per square meter received from the Sun in the manner of solar rays. It changes with solar activity and Earth's weather systems, affecting weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar power refers to the collection of dirt, and foreign matter on the panels of solar arrays, which reduces their performance. Routine maintenance and servicing are important to limit energy waste and guarantee best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage available from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the peak power capacity of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It indicates the panel's peak capacity to generate electricity in typical testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to determine the electrical potential between separate points in a electrical system. It is frequently utilized in various electrical and electronic applications to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in photovoltaic modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a metalloid element necessary for plant growth and applied in different industrial applications, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has distinctive chemical traits that cause it beneficial in creating long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic solar panels to produce renewable electricity. It supplies an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated method of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This strategy improves crop production while at the same time generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight using both surfaces, improving overall energy output. They are commonly positioned in a way that allows for increased efficiency by leveraging albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a framework that provides shelter while generating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar array is a group of numerous solar panels designed to generate electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in sustainable power systems to produce renewable, renewable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio cover is a construction that offers shade and protection from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the practicality and visual charm of a courtyard, making it a comfortable zone for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, usually true north, to the line between an observer to a target object. It is often used in wayfinding, surveying, and astrophysics to define the orientation of an celestial body with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material widely used in thin film solar cells due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits outstanding optical features, making it a popular option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of power equal to a billion W, used to quantify massive energy output and utilization. It is typically associated with power plants, national grids, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in solar power solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film solar cells that offer high efficiency and economical energy production. The organization is focused on green energy development and reducing the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly linking various parts of factory and automated systems to enhance productivity and dependability. It concentrates on building advanced solutions that enable seamless communication and cooperation among different technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese firm expert in manufacturing and innovating solar solar products and solutions. Famous for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion W, often utilized to represent the ability of massively scaled power production or usage. It underscores the immense power magnitude involved in modern energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the unit cost decreases as overall production grows, due to learning curve and efficiencies gained over time. This concept highlights the significance of stored knowledge in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in production and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This method is a pure, green energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy is the same as or lower than the expense of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity means that sustainable energy technologies are economically competitive with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to residences and companies through a network of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for numerous appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the country, and is supplied through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is crucial for guaranteeing the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the solar radiation using PV panels to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It represents a sustainable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in home, corporate, and manufacturing sites to produce clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, providing renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of solar-powered goods features a range of tools that capture sunlight to generate energy, supporting eco-friendly and renewable living. These items include covering solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, offering versatile solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a installation that converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ lenses or reflectors to focus solar radiation on advanced solar cells, greatly enhancing energy capture using less space. This method is particularly effective in areas with direct, strong sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
