Solar panel | Solar panel are devices that transform sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. They serve as an eco-friendly and alternative energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a system that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, generally used for water heating or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or electricity generation. It is a renewable and sustainable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural heritage, famous sights, and vibrant urban areas like London. It boasts a mixed scenery of undulating terrain, historic forts, and lively city hubs that mix heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the natural light emitted by the sun, vital for existence on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of power resulting from the motion of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives numerous appliances and infrastructures, enabling contemporary living and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a reversed electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way stream of electric charge, generally produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a device that holds chemical energy and converts it into current to run various electronic devices. It consists of several galvanic cells, each containing anode and cathode separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly power solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a unit that converts direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and utility connection. It is vital for maximizing energy efficiency and providing safe, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes direction periodically, generally used in home and industrial power supplies. It enables optimal transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It ensures optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to ascertain the dimension, quantity, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that automatically its orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale installations that capture sunlight to produce electricity using many solar panels. They supply a renewable and eco-friendly energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic solar panels on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This power is then transmitted wirelessly to our planet for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy independence and efficiency. These systems generally use batteries to offer backup energy, lower energy expenses, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells chronicles the progress and innovations in photovoltaic tech from the initial finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern advanced solar panels. It showcases major innovations, including the invention of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have significantly boosted power conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic physicist famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His research laid the basis for understanding how light interacts with particular substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US innovator who developed the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned R&D entity historically associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the origin of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its key role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar cells. It is a solid, breakable crystalline substance with a steel-gray shine, primarily used as a semiconductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact component installed on each solar module to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach increases system performance, facilitates improved system tracking, and improves power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a device that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in solar panels to provide a green and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon serves as a fundamental particle representing a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials convert sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the basic principle behind solar cell technology, enabling the harnessing of solar solar power for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a thin slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, furnishings, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the identical voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification is the rate at which electricity is transferred by an electrical network, primarily for running devices and appliances. Produced through various sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a standard of energy transfer rate in the SI system, representing the measure of energy movement or conversion. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical pressure difference between two points, which drives the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and indicates the power per single charge accessible to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of voltage, potential difference, and EMF in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per charge unit between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electrical charge through a metal wire, typically measured in A. It is essential for powering electronic devices and allowing the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the unit of electrical flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It indicates the flow of electrical charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and power of power systems to guarantee reliable and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical enclosure used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a convenient and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is frequently used for recharging and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes DC from supplies like batteries or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It allows the application of common electrical appliances in locations where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack is an collection of multiple individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the position of photovoltaic panels to track the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, optimizing power intake. This innovation boosts the performance of solar power gathering by keeping optimal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the power output of photovoltaic systems by regularly modifying the working point to match the maximum power point of the solar panels. This process guarantees the highest efficiency power harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a instrument that tracks and examines the efficiency of solar panel systems in live, offering valuable data on power output and system status. It assists maximize solar power output by identifying faults early and guaranteeing highest performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in solar panels to power homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless minute silicon crystals, typically used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves liquefying and reforming silicon to form a pure, polycrystalline type appropriate for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a single lattice structure, making it highly efficient for use in solar cells and electronics. Its uniform framework allows for improved charge movement, resulting in better performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a category of thin film solar system that provides a economical and high-performance alternative for extensive solar energy production. They are their great absorption efficiency and moderately low manufacturing expenses versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic cells that utilize a composite compound of Cu, indium, gallium, and Se to convert sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their high absorption efficiency, bendability, and capability for lightweight, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a amorphous molecular arrangement, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than structured silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic components due to its economic advantage and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are advanced photovoltaic devices that use multiple p-n junctions arranged in unison to absorb a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. They are primarily used in space missions and advanced solar power systems due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that generate sunlight into electrical energy to supply onboard systems. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and built for efficient operation in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic element, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize optics or reflectors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technology is suitable for large capacity solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, delivering a cost-effective solution for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a thin film of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a lightweight, cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in multiple technological applications. These films are important in electronics, optical systems, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and affordable energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a sheet of compound covering a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in thickness, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These coatings are used in multiple sectors, including electronic devices, optics, and healthcare, to modify surface characteristics or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are accurate gauges used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, typically in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw mechanism that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, circular piece of silicon crystal used as the substrate for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the primary material in the fabrication of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar modules recognized for their superior output and flexibility, ideal for multiple fields. They use a stratified semiconductor structure that turns sunlight directly into electricity with excellent performance in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is known for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into energy using photovoltaic cells, supplying a sustainable energy source for residential, industrial, and utility-scale applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that converts sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and versatile alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that utilize organic materials, to turn sun's energy into electric power. They are lightweight, bendable, and offer the potential for more affordable, large-area solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor material used in thin-film solar panels due to its abundant and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an appealing option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, facades, and fenestration. This cutting-edge approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to spread through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices windows to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of solar power stations details various massive solar energy installations around the globe, demonstrating their output and positions. These plants serve a important role in renewable energy generation and international efforts to lower carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale systems that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of problems such as waste, global warming, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as solar radiation, wind, and hydroelectric power. It offers a renewable option to traditional fuels, minimizing ecological footprint and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, oil, and fossil gas, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the main power sources for power production and vehicle operation but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce power for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, toxic elements such as Pb, Hg, Cd, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness indicates how efficiently a solar cell generates sunlight into usable power. Improving this efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy generation and cutting reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided significant indication for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves subjecting products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This growth is revolutionizing the international energy scene by increasing the percentage of renewable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a clear instrument that refracts light to bring together or separate rays, creating images. It is commonly used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to lens surfaces to cut down on glare and enhance light passage. It boosts the sharpness and brightness of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes counteract each other, leading to a diminution or full disappearance of the combined wave. This occurrence generally happens when the waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity, commonly employed in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally throughout its cycle, permitting cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a tiny device used to convert DC from a individual solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It enhances system efficiency by enhancing power output at the module level and streamlines installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or AC power, is electrical power delivered through a network where the voltage level and electric flow cyclically reverse orientation, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is commonly used in homes and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to supply DC energy from a power source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and jack that ensure a reliable and dependable connection for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global protection approval organization that evaluates and endorses products to confirm they adhere to particular security standards. It helps consumers and businesses recognize trustworthy and safe products through strict assessment and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this setup, the same current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple paths for current flow. This arrangement allows units to operate independently, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode serves as a electronic device that allows current to move in one way exclusively, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12V, designed to deliver electrical energy for multiple devices and attachments inside of a car. It enables users to power electronic gadgets or use small electronics while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripherals to computing systems, enabling data transfer and electric power. It backs a variety of devices such as input devices, pointer devices, external storage, and smartphones, with different revisions offering faster speeds and upgraded performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for maximizing energy production and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing breakthroughs in solar, wind, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, ranging from radio waves to gamma rays, each with different lengths and power. This range is fundamental to a wide array of devices and natural events, enabling communication, healthcare imaging, and insight into the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It plays a key role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on alterations of a individual hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This design approach emphasizes simplicity and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts/m². It is a important parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to measure the magnitude of energy or power received or emitted over a defined area, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the distribution and movement of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of various colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial body of atmosphere with comparatively uniform temp and dampness characteristics, coming from from particular starting regions. These air masses influence weather patterns and air situations as they pass through different areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the intensity per square meter received from the solar source in the type of solar rays. It changes with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, impacting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar power refers to the collection of dirt, and foreign matter on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their performance. Routine maintenance and maintenance are important to minimize energy loss and ensure optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It creates a significant safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the highest power capacity of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak ability to generate electricity in standard testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to determine the electrical potential between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi metallic chemical element necessary for plant growth and employed in various industrial applications, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical properties that render it useful in producing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It provides an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated method of utilizing land for both solar power production and farming, maximizing space and resources. This approach boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are photovoltaic devices able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy production. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by taking advantage of albedo effect and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a framework that provides shelter while producing electricity through embedded solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a group of several photovoltaic modules configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in sustainable power systems to generate renewable, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that provides shade and shelter from the elements for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a pleasant zone for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line linking an surveyor to a target object. It is frequently used in navigation, surveying, and celestial observation to indicate the direction of an target in relation to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance extensively utilized in thin film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It exhibits excellent optical properties, making it a preferred option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in driving solar energy adoption and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of energy output equal to one billion watt, used to measure massive electricity production and usage. It is commonly associated with power plants, electricity networks, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in solar PV power solutions, focused on making thin film-based solar cells that provide high-performance and affordable power generation. The firm is committed to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in effortlessly linking various elements of factory and automation systems to enhance productivity and dependability. It concentrates on building cutting-edge solutions that promote smooth communication and cooperation among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent Chinese company specializing in producing and developing photovoltaic solar products and solutions. Renowned for state-of-the-art tech and green energy projects in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion watts, often utilized to represent the capacity of large-scale electricity generation or usage. It highlights the vast energy magnitude involved in contemporary power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the cost per unit of production decreases as total output grows, due to gaining knowledge and improvements gained over time. This phenomenon highlights the value of learned skills in lowering costs and boosting output in manufacturing and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, sustainable energy source that assists lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the cost of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity indicates that renewable energy sources are economically comparable with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the standard electrical power supplied to residences and businesses through a grid of power lines, offering a consistent source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the region, and is supplied through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all elements of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the optimum and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the solar radiation using solar cells to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It represents a renewable, renewable, and planet-friendly source of power that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, business, and factory environments to produce clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy items features a variety of gadgets that harness sunlight to convert energy, encouraging eco-friendly and renewable living. These products include everything from solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, providing flexible alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a installation that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use lenses or mirrors focusing sunlight onto high-performance solar cells, considerably enhancing energy capture using a smaller area. This method is highly suitable where bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |