Solar panel | Solar array act as devices that convert sunlight to electricity using solar cells. They serve as an eco-friendly and alternative energy source, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a system that collects sunlight to generate heat, typically used for water heating or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for water heating, space warming, or electricity production. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic country in the UK known for its rich cultural heritage, iconic landmarks, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse scenery of undulating terrain, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that blend tradition with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the organic radiance emitted by the star, crucial for life on Earth as it supplies energy for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a type of energy due to the flow of ions, primarily electrons. It drives innumerable appliances and infrastructures, facilitating modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction stream of electric charge, generally produced by cell packs, power sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, rendering it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that stores chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to run various electronic gadgets. It includes several galvanic cells, each comprising anode and cathode separated by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly power solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into AC suitable for household use and grid connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and guaranteeing reliable, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips direction periodically, typically used in home and commercial power supplies. It allows for effective transmission of electricity over extended spans and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It ensures efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to measure the size, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, climate gauges, and barometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge plants that harness sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They offer a sustainable and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar energy setup changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then beamed to Earth for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess energy generated from green sources or the power grid for future use, improving energy independence and efficiency. These installations generally use batteries to deliver backup energy, lower energy expenses, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells tracks the progress and innovations in solar energy tech from the initial invention of the photovoltaic effect to modern advanced photovoltaic modules. It showcases major breakthroughs, including the invention of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have substantially improved power transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic scientist renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the groundwork for understanding how radiation interacts with specific media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US inventor who invented the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous innovative entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its crucial role in the production of electronic components and solar modules. It is a hard, breakable crystal substance with a steel-gray metallic luster, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a small device installed on each solar panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method increases system efficiency, facilitates improved performance monitoring, and improves power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is frequently used in solar panels to supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon is a elementary particle that represents a packet of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without having rest mass. It serves a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which certain materials transform sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the basic foundation behind solar cell technology, facilitating the utilization of solar solar power for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the foundational platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its structured, orderly crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the same voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification refers to the speed at which electric power flows by an electrical circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and green energy, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a unit of power in the SI system, indicating the measure of energy movement or conversion. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which causes the movement of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and shows the energy per single charge accessible to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the derived unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and EMF in the metric system. It measures the voltage per unit charge between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electric charge through a metal wire, commonly measured in amps. It is crucial for energizing electronic equipment and enabling the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere serves as the standard of electric flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electric charge through a conductor over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the layout and capacity of power systems to ensure safe and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a convenient and uniform method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for charging and feeding a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) from inputs like accumulators or solar arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It enables the use of standard electrical devices in environments where only DC energy is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack is an collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically regulate the position of solar modules to follow the solar trajectory throughout the daytime, enhancing energy absorption. This technology boosts the efficiency of photovoltaic energy harvesting by maintaining ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power output of solar energy systems by regularly modifying the working point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar panels. This process provides the best performance energy harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that observes and examines the effectiveness of solar power systems in real-time, delivering useful data on energy production and system status. It aids maximize solar energy generation by spotting issues early and securing optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are flexible, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in solar arrays to supply energy to homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless tiny silicon lattice structures, frequently used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its creation involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to create a ultra-pure, polycrystalline type appropriate for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a high-purity variant of silicon with a continuous lattice structure, making it highly efficient for use in solar cells and electronic devices. Its homogeneous formation allows for improved electron flow, resulting in better functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a kind of thin-film solar technology that presents a affordable and high-performance option for massive solar energy harvesting. They are their excellent absorption performance and moderately affordable manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate photovoltaic cells that use a multi-layered compound of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium to transform sunlight into power efficiently. They are recognized for their excellent light capturing effectiveness, flexibility, and potential for portable, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered molecular configuration, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its cost-effectiveness and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are cutting-edge photovoltaic modules that use multiple p-n junctions layered in unison to capture a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly applied in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that convert sunlight into electricity to power onboard equipment. Generally lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor known for its excellent electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technology is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in areas with sunny sunlight, delivering a affordable solution for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for high efficiency and flexibility. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film describes a fine layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in multiple technological applications. These coatings are essential in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of substance covering fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in depth, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in multiple sectors, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and healthcare, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement units the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are accurate measuring instruments used to precisely measure small distances or thicknesses, typically in mechanical engineering and fabrication. They feature a scaled screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a fine, round slice of silicon crystal used as the base for producing semiconductor devices. It serves as the primary material in the manufacture of microchips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar units recognized for their high efficiency and bendability, making them suitable for various uses. They employ a stratified semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight immediately into power with outstanding performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is known for being cost-effective and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using PV cells, supplying a renewable energy source for household, industrial, and grid applications. They provide a eco-friendly, long-lasting, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into power using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and generate electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the possibility for lower-cost, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photoelectric devices that employ carbon-based compounds, to convert sun's energy into electric power. They are easy to handle, bendable, and offer the potential for cost-effective, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous semiconductor material used in laminate solar panels due to its plentiful and harmless elements. Its superior optical-electronic properties make it an attractive alternative for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, facades, and glazing. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a transparent film to the interior or exterior of automobiles or edifices panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of photovoltaic power stations details various extensive solar energy plants around the planet, showcasing their power and locations. These plants play a important role in sustainable energy production and global efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale installations that turn sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as waste, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, breezes, and water. It offers a renewable solution to traditional fuels, minimizing environmental harm and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, crude oil, and fossil gas, are limited reserves formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the chief energy sources for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable resources into electrical power. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, harmful elements such as plumbum, mercury, cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency indicates how efficiently a solar panel generates sunlight into usable electrical electricity. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This development is revolutionizing the international energy scene by boosting the share of clean solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a transparent instrument that refracts light to converge or diverge rays, creating images. It is often used in equipment like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to reduce glare and improve light transmission. It enhances the crispness and luminosity of screens by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels negate each other, leading to a diminution or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This phenomenon typically happens when the waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally over time, enabling cost-effective transfer over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a miniature entity used to convert DC from a individual solar module into AC suitable for home applications. It improves system efficiency by enhancing power output at the module level and streamlines installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage and electric flow periodically reverse polarity, enabling cost-effective transmission over extended ranges. It is frequently used in residences and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to supply DC power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and receptacle that provide a firm and consistent attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global safety approval organization that evaluates and endorses products to confirm they comply with particular safety norms. It assists consumers and companies find trustworthy and protected products through thorough assessment and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this setup, the constant current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple channels for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate separately, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a semiconductor device that permits current to pass in a single direction exclusively, acting as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12-volt, intended to supply electrical energy for various devices and add-ons inside a car. It permits users to charge electronic gadgets or run small appliances during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral hardware to PCs, facilitating data transmission and electric power. It backs a wide range of hardware such as keypads, pointer devices, external storage, and smartphones, with multiple versions providing faster speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to increasing energy production and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on breakthroughs in solar power, wind, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of EM radiation, ranging from radio waves to gamma rays, each with varied lengths and energy levels. This spectrum is essential for many technologies and natural phenomena, enabling signal transmission, medical imaging, and insight into the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It serves a crucial role in processes like vitamin D production but can also cause skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color palette based on variations of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and unity. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a important parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to calculate the intensity of power or energy flow received or emitted over a particular surface, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in understanding the spread and transfer of power across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of different colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is often used to depict the spread of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big volume of air with relatively even temp and dampness characteristics, originating from specific origin zones. These air masses impact weather systems and air states as they travel over different regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of light. It varies with solar phenomena and Earth's weather systems, affecting weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of debris, and other particles on the panels of solar panels, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and maintenance are important to minimize energy waste and ensure best performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, going around the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the peak power output of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It indicates the array's peak ability to generate electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an measuring tool used to determine the potential difference between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in photovoltaic modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion migration within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic element crucial for plant development and used in various industrial applications, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical traits that cause it valuable in manufacturing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a stable and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It supplies an eco-friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of using land for both solar power production and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This strategy enhances crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy generation. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by leveraging albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides cover while generating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a group of several photovoltaic modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in sustainable power systems to produce clean, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a construction that offers shade and cover from the conditions for outdoor living spaces. It boosts the functionality and visual charm of a courtyard, making it a cozy area for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an observer to a target object. It is frequently used in wayfinding, surveying, and celestial observation to indicate the bearing of an object in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material widely used in thin film solar cells due to its excellent performance and affordability. It demonstrates excellent optical properties, making it a preferred option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy adoption and innovation across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of power equal to one billion watt, used to assess massive electricity production and utilization. It is commonly associated with power plants, electricity networks, and major energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a global leader in solar energy solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film-based solar cells that provide high efficiency and economical power output. The organization is dedicated to eco-friendly energy development and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in smoothly linking various elements of industrial and automated systems to boost productivity and reliability. It focuses on developing cutting-edge solutions that facilitate smooth communication and cooperation among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a top Chinese-based company specializing in producing and developing photovoltaic photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and eco-friendly energy programs in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion W, often used to indicate the potential of massively scaled electricity generation or usage. It underscores the vast power extent involved in modern power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost decreases as cumulative output increases, due to learning curve and efficiencies obtained over time. This effect highlights the value of stored knowledge in reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in manufacturing and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This system is a clean, green energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the cost of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that sustainable energy sources are cost-effectively comparable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a grid of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for numerous appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the sun's rays using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It is a renewable, renewable, and environmentally friendly energy source that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in domestic, corporate, and factory sites to produce green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar energy products features a range of gadgets that utilize sunlight to generate energy, promoting green and sustainable living. These items include ranging from solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor equipment, offering multi-purpose options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a plant that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics utilize optical lenses and reflectors to focus sunlight on highly efficient solar cells, greatly increasing power output using a smaller area. This technology works well in areas with intense, direct sunlight and provides a promising approach to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |